Latin-Roman Numeral Words: “unus” to “M (mille)”Numbers (Latin: Roman numerals, cardinals followed by ordinals).Numbers are the common denominator of everyday life, as essential to modern society as language.
1, I
unus (unus [masculine], una [feminine], unum [neuter]): one; primus (prima, primum), first.
diurnal: Happening once a day.
annual: Happening once a year.
2, II
duo (duae, duo): two; secundus (secunda, secundum), second. There are no gender distinctions after II (two), except when such are indicated as with 200 through 900 and some of the ordinals.
semidiurnal: Happening twice a day.
biannual: Happening twice a year.
biennial: Happening every second year.
biweekly: Happening twice a week or every two weeks.
semiweekly: Happening twice a week.
semimonthly: Happening twice a month.
bimonthly: Happening twice a month or once every two months.
biyearly: Happening twice a year or every two years.
semiannual: Happening twice a year.
3, III
tres (tria): three; tertius (tertia, tertium), third.
triweekly: Happening three times a week or every three weeks.
4, IV, IIII
quattuor: four; quartus (quarta, quartum), fourth.
quadrennial: Happening once in four years.
5, V
quinque: five; quintus (quinta, quintum), fifth.
quinquennial: The fifth anniversary.
6, VI
sex: six; sextus (sexta, sextum), sixth.
sexennial: The sixth anniversary.
7, VII
septem: seven; septimus (septima, septimum), seventh.
septennial: The seventh anniversary.
8, VIII
octo: eight; octavus (octava, octavum), eighth.
octennial: The eighth anniversary.
9, IX, VIIII
novem: nine; nonus (nona, nonum), ninth.
novennial: The ninth anniversary.
10, X
decem: ten; decimus/decumus (decima, decimum), tenth.
decennial: The tenth anniversary.
11, XI
undecim: eleven; undecimus, eleventh.
12, XII
duodecim: twelve; duodecimus, twelfth.
13, XIII
tredecim: thirteen; tertius decimus, thirteenth.
14, XIV, XIIII
quattourdecim: fourteen; quartus decimus, fourteenth.
15, XV
quindecim: fifteen; quintus decimus, fifteenth.
16, XVI
sedecim: sixteen; sextus decimus, sixteenth.
17, XVII
septemdecim: seventeen; septimus decimus, seventeenth.
18, XVIII
duodeviginti, octodecim: eighteen; duodevicesimus,
octavusdecimus, eighteenth. 19, XIX, XVIIII
undeviginti, novemdecim: nineteen; undevicesimus,
novemdecimus, nineteenth. 20, XX
viginti: twenty; vicesimus, twentieth.
vicennial: The twentieth anniversary.
21, XXI
viginti unus, unus et viginti: twenty-one; unetvicesimus,
vicesimus primus, twenty-first. 22, XXII
duoetviginti: twenty-two; duoetvicesimus, twenty-second.
28, XXVIII
duodetriginta: twenty-eight; duodetricesimus, twenty-eighth.
29, XXIX, XXVIIII
undetriginta: twenty-nine; undetricesimus, twenty-nineth.
30, XXX
triginta: thirty; tricesimus, thirtieth.
38, XXXVIII
duodequadraginta: thirty-eight;
duodequadragesimus, thirty-eighth. 39, XXXIX, XXXVIIII
undequadraginta: thirty-nine; undequadragesimus, thirty-ninth.
40, XL, XXXX
quadraginta: forty; quadragesimus, fortieth.
48, XLVIII
duodequinquaginta: forty-eight;
duodequinquagesimus, forty-eighth. 49, XLIX, XLVIIII
undequinquaginta: forty-nine; undequinquagesimus, forty-ninth.
50, L
quinquaginta: fifty; quinquagesimus, fiftieth.
semicentennial: The fiftieth anniversary.
60, LX
sexaginta: sixty; sexagesimus, sixtieth.
70, LXX
septuaginta: seventy; septuagesimus, seventieth.
80, LXXX
octoginta: eighty; octogesimus, eightieth.
90, XC, LXXXX
nonaginta: ninety; nonagesimus, ninetieth.
100, C
centum: one hundred; centesimus, hundredth.
centennial: The hundredth anniversary.
101, CI
centum (et) unus: one hundred one; centesimus (et) primus, hundred first.
sesquicentennial: The one-hundred fiftieth anniversary.
200, CC
ducenti (ducentae, ducenta): two hundred; ducentesimus, two hundredth.
bicentennial: The two-hundredth anniversary.
bisemicentennial: The two-hundred fiftieth anniversary.
300, CCC
trecenti (trecentae, trecenta): three hundred; trecentesimus, three hundredth.
tricentennial, tercentenary: The three-hundredth anniversary.
trisemicentennial, tersemicentennial: The three-hundred fiftieth anniversary.
400, CD, CCCC
quadringenti (quadringentae, quadringenta): four hundred; quadringentesimus, four hundredth.
quadricentennial: The four-hundredth anniversary.
quadrisemicentennial: The four-hundred fiftieth anniversary.
500, D
quingenti (quingentae, quingenta): five hundred; quingentesimus, five hundredth.
quincentennial: The five-hundredth anniversary.
quinsemicentennial: The five-hundred fiftieth anniversary.
600, DC
sescenti (sescentae, sescenta): six hundred; sescentesimus, six hundredth.
700, DCC
septingenti (septingentae, septingenta): seven hundred;
septingentesimus, seven hundredth. 800, DCCC
octingenti (octingentae, octingenta): eight hundred;
octingentesimus, eight hundredth. 900, CM, DCCCC
nongenti (nongentae, nongenta): nine hundred;
nongentesimus, nine hundredth. 1 000, M
mille: one thousand; millesimus, one thousandth.
2 000, MM
duo milia: two thousand; bis millesimus, two thousandth.
The origins of some of the Latin numerical symbols:
V (5) is said to represent the hand with all five fingers spread apart.
X (10) is formed by joining an inverted V to the bottom of the usual symbol V for five.
L (50) represents the lower part of C (100) without the curve of the C.
C (100) stands for the initial letter of centum.
D (500) is a combination of L and a reversed C [the symbol meaning “times ten” or 50 times 10 = 500].
M (1 000) stands for the initial letter of mille.
Source: Living Latin, A contemporary Approach, Book Two
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